Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies

About the Journal
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies (TJDS) is dedicated to publishing quality articles that are original in content. All articles that are published in TJDS, except for editorial studies, undergo a meticulous process of double-blind peer review to ensure their quality and originality.

Aim and Scope
TJDS journal aims to contribute to the dissemination of scientific knowledge through the publication of high-quality papers. The Journal provides a forum for a dynamic discussion of the complex issue of “diaspora” where opposing voices and critical perspectives find room for themselves. It is a biannual, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal. It publishes articles both in Turkish and in English.
TJDS only publishes original content. Manuscripts submitted to TJDS should not have been previously published or under consideration for publication elsewhere, either in whole or in part. Initially, the editor assesses all contributions to determine their suitability for the journal. If deemed suitable, the papers are sent to at least two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The final decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of articles is the responsibility of the editor. The editorial board of TJDS strictly follows and acts in accordance with the guidelines set by the International Council of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Categories
Humanities, Politics, International Relations, Postcolonial and Spatial Studies, Economics, Security, Electoral Studies, Religious Studies, Gender and Disability Studies, Digital Humanities, Identity Studies and Nationalism Studies.

Keywords: Diaspora, Turkish Diaspora, Immigration

Language of Publication
Full-length Articles
● Primary Language: Turkish
● Secondary Language: English
Articles in English using Latin alphabet
● Title: Turkish & English
● Author’s Name: Turkish & English (using Latin alphabet)
● Author’s Postal Address: Turkish & English (using Latin alphabet)
● Keywords: Turkish & English
● References: Turkish (using Latin Alphabet)
● Full-length Article: Turkish & English (using Latin alphabet)

Submissions
Manuscripts submitted for publication must align with the aim and scope of the journal. The journal solely publishes original scholarly articles. Authors may not submit any material that has been previously published or is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors must approve both the content and submission of the article.

Readership
The target readership includes professionals, experts, researchers, Ph.D. students and undergraduates and graduates from all fields of humanities. The journal aims to contribute to continuing professional development and research culture.

Fee Policy
TJDS does not charge any fees for the processing of publications or articles. This means that there are no submission or article processing fees for manuscripts submitted and accepted for publication. The journal strictly adheres to its publishing policies and does not accept any sponsorships or advertisements. All the expenses of the journal are covered by Göç Araştırmaları Vakfı (Migration Research Foundation).

Copyright
Copyright and intellectual property rights of the author(s) are reserved. All authors agree that the intellectual material submitted to Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies shall be licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Originality
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies only published original articles. 

Please note the following guidelines for preparing your manuscript.
Language: Turkish and English
All manuscripts must be in Turkish of Türkiye or in English of American English.

Article Types: Research articles, review articles, theoretical articles, and discussion papers
However, we recommend authors to be concise to make their work more discoverable.

Formatting of the Article and Images
● All submitted materials must be typed with 1.5 line spacing and ample margins. Only one side of the paper should be used.
● Certain sections of the article (abstract, references, tables, and figures) should be placed on separate pages and typed with 1.5 line spacing.
● The maximum length of articles is 8,000 words (6,000-8,000 words), including references.
● Every article should include a 150-200 word abstract in English.
● If the article is in Turkish, it should include an abstract both in Turkish and in English.
● Articles in Turkish should also include an extended summary stating the scope of the study, which should include a minimum of 750 or maximum of 1,000 words.
● Abstracts should include a minimum of three or maximum of five keywords.
● References should be listed in alphabetical order by authors’ last names. Multiple sources by the same author should appear in ascending chronological order. Only cited sources should be listed.
● Tables should follow the formatting used in the journal.

Reference Style: APA 7

Changes to Authorship: Please ensure that any changes to the authorship list are made before the manuscript is accepted. As the author, it is your responsibility to carefully consider the order and list of authors and provide a definitive list at the time of the initial submission.

Instructions to Authors
American Psychological Association (APA) Style
Our journal prioritizes the use of APA 7 reference style. The writing guide outlines regulations specific to the journal. Visit the original APA citation system website: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/ 

In-text Citations
Basic Format
(Author’s Last Name(s) or Organization, Year)

Direct Quotes
If you are quoting someone else's precise words, enclose the quote in quotation marks and include any sentence punctuation outside of the closing quotation mark.
● According to Abadan-Unat (2017), “Direct quote” (p. 102).
● Abadan-Unat (2017) found that “Direct quote” (p. 102).
● [Some other introduction] “Direct quote” (Abadan-Unat, 2017, p. 102).
● Abadan-Unat et al. (2017) argued that, “Direct quotes” (p. 102).

Note: If there are two or more works by the same author published in the same year, add the letter (a-z) after the year.
Kaya (2014a) stated that…
Kaya (2014c) summed up…

Note: If you are citing more than 40 words, use a block quotation and indent the whole block 0.5 inches.
Laguerre’s (2013) study found the following:
The interface of parliament with the globalization process, to the existence of which it contributes, calls into question the relevance of the traditional parliament and pinpoints the need for change so that parliament can respond efficiently to extraterritorial diaspora initiatives and interference in homeland politics (p. 3).

Note: Please keep in mind these guidelines for summarizing research studies. Instead of using direct quotes, focus on summarizing the main findings from multiple research studies.

Summarizing or Paraphrasing
When summarizing or paraphrasing, include the last name of the author(s) and the year of the publication. For example, according to Sheffer (2003), diasporas with links to their home country usually adopt the communalist strategy to establish diplomatic, economic, social, and political relationships with the host land. The format of in-text citations will vary depending on the number of authors and whether there is a group of authors.

One Author
You only need the author’s last name and the year.
● (Anaz, 2020)
● (Özkan, 2016, 2012, 2013)

Note: To cite a secondary source, provide a references list entry for the secondary source you are citing. In the text, identify the primary source and then write “as cited in” the secondary source that you used. If the year of publication is known for the primary source, also include it in the text.
● (Cohen & van Hear, 2020 as cited in Ceylan, 2021)

Two Authors
Link both authors’ last names with & (ampersand) and add the year.
● (Wegener & Petty, 1994)
If there are multiple works within the same reference by different authors, you need both authors’ last name and the year. List works alphabetically and separate references with a semicolon (;).
● (Aksel, 2014; Okyay, 2015)
● (Sheffer, 2003; Miller, Haas, & Castles, 2013; Dufoix, 2008; Vertovec, 1997; Butler, 2001)

Three or More Authors
If there are three or more authors, use et al., which means “and others”.
● (Harris et al., 2018)

Group of Authors
First time with an abbreviation: (Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies [TJDS], 2021)
Then all subsequent citations: (TJDS, 2021)

Note: If you paraphrase from a specific page in the source, page number should be given.

References
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies advises authors to use APA style referencing when preparing their manuscripts. To ensure accuracy and consistency, references should be listed in alphabetical order based on authors’ last names. When referencing multiple sources from the same author, they should appear in ascending chronological order. Only cited sources should be included in the reference list.

Basic Format
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of the work. Source where you retrieve the work. URL or DOI if available

Book
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials and use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.
2. (Year)
3. Title of the Book
For whole authored works (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any appropriate nouns.
4. (Edition)
For whole edited books or volumes, use the abbreviations (ed.) or (vol.)
5. Publisher
You do not need to include the publisher location or databases where you retrieved it.
Example: Gamlen, A. (2019). Human Geopolitics. (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Edited Book
1. Editor(s) of Book
Last name and initials, use & for multiple editors. (Ed. or Eds.).
2. (Year)
3. Title of Book
Italicized
4. Publisher
5. DOI or Web Address
(if available)
Example: Abadan-Unat, N., & Mirdal, G. (Ed.). (2015). Emancipation in Exile: Perspectives on the Empowerment of Migrant Women. Istanbul Bilgi University Press.

Book Chapter with Editor(s)
1. Author(s)
List each chapter author’s last name and initials and use an ampersand (&) before the final author’s last name.
2. (Year)
3. Title of the Chapter
For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and appropriate nouns are capitalized.
4. In Editor(s)
List each editor’s last name and initials. Editors, include (Ed.) or (Eds.) in parentheses, and end with a comma.
5. Title of the Book
For whole authored works (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any appropriate nouns.
6. (pp.aa-bb)
7. Publisher
You do not need to include the publisher location or databases where you retrieved it.
Example: McCormack, B., McCance, T., & Maben, J. (2013). Outcome evaluation in the development of person-centered practice. In B. McCormack, K. Manley, & A. Titchen (Eds.), Practice development in nursing and healthcare (pp. 190-211). John Wiley & Sons.

Journal
1. Author(s)
List each author’s last name and initial and use an ampersand (&) before the final author’s name.
2. (Year)
3. Title of the Article
For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and appropriate nouns are capitalized.
4. Title of the Journal
Italicize and capitalize each word in the journal.
5. Volume
Italicize the journal volume. If there is no issue, include a comma before the page range.
6. (Issue)
If there is an issue number in addition to a volume number, include it in parentheses.
7. Page Range
8. DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Example: Bodocan, V., & Egresi, I., (2021). Diaspora FDI: Why do returning migrants invest in their home countries and what are the main difficulties they face? The case of Romania. Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies,1 (1), 20-48. https://doi.org/10.52241/TJDS.2021.0003 
Dissertation or Thesis

Thesis - from Website
1. Author
Last name, initial(s).
2. (Year)
3. Title of Dissertation or Thesis
Italicized
4. [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis, Institution]
5. Archive Name
Example: Köse, M. (2020). The Development of Diaspora Policies Through Political Participation of Turkish Diaspora. [Doctoral dissertation, Istanbul University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ 

Thesis - from Database
1. Author
Last name, initials.
2. (Year)
3. Title of Thesis
Italicized (Publication No. - if available) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Institution]
4. Database Name
Example: Cebe, B. (2021). Integration of Turkish Migrants in the Context of Socio-Economic Discrimination in the Netherlands (Publication No. 10404528) [Master ‘s Thesis, Istanbul Medeniyet University]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.

Web Page
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials. If there is no author, spell out the name of the organization or site.
2. (Year, Month Date)
Provide as specific a date as is available. Use the date last updated, but not the date last reviewed or copyright date. If there is no date, use (n.d.).
3. Title of Page or Section
Italicized.
4. Source
Usually the official name of the website. If the source would be the same as the author, you can omit the source to avoid repetition.
5. URL
6. Date of Access
(Accessed on dd.mm.yyyy)
Example: Migration Data Portal. (2021, March 24). Citizenship and Migration. https://www.migrationdataportal.org/themes/citizenship-and-migration (Accessed on 19.08.2021).

Newspaper or Magazine
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials and use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.
2. (Year, Month Date)
You do not need to abbreviate the month.
3. Title of the Article
For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. articles, chapter), use sentence case. Only the first word of the title and subtitle and appropriate nouns are capitalized.
4. Title of the Newspaper or Publication
Italicize and capitalize each word in the publication.
5. URL
6. Date of Access
(Accessed on dd.mm.yyyy)
Example: Abdullah, H. (2017, October 1). Turkey grants citizenship to over 500 Ahiska Turks. TRT World. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-grants-citizenship-to-over-500-ahiska-turks-10983 (Accessed on 19.08.2021)

Online Report
1. Author(s)
List each author's last name and initials as. If there is no author, spell out the name of the organization that published the report.
2. (Year, Month Date)
Provide as specific a date as is available.
3. Title of the Report or Document
For works that stand alone (e.g. books, reports), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns.
4. Source
Includes the names of parent agencies or other organizations not listed in the group author name here.
5. URL
Example: Ünay, H. (2020, Aralık). Düzensiz Göçmenlerin Sınırı Geçme Deneyimleri ve Kararlılıklarının Analizi: Pazarkule Sınır Kapısı Örneği. Migration Research Foundation. https://gocvakfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/GAV-RAPOR-Hakan-U%CC%88nay-1.pdf 

Reference Style
All manuscripts should be prepared according to APA 7 Style.

Submission Checklist
Authors are required to carry out a final check of their submission complies with all the following items. Submissions that do not comply with these guidelines will be returned to the authors.
● The manuscript has never been published before and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere (alternatively, an explanation has been provided in a comment sent to the Editor).
● The manuscript is in Microsoft Word, RTF, or OpenOffice format.
● URLs are provided for cited sources whenever available.
● The manuscript is submitted with 1.5 line spacing. The font size for the body of the text is 12 pt. Italics are used instead of underscores (except for URLs). All images, figures, and tables are placed in the text at their appropriate points, not at the end.
● The manuscript is complied with the formatting and bibliographic requirements indicated in the Author Guidelines.
● All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa.
● The author(s) uploaded the manuscript and Copyright Agreement Forms.

Submitting Article
The corresponding author should submit the article. All correspondence is sent to the corresponding author by e-mail via the journal system. For the purposes of double-blind review, make sure that you have suitably anonymized your manuscript and removed any self-identifying information.
Files to be submitted separately:
1. Full text of the article
2. Copyright Notice Text
3. Permissions obtained for previously published material, if used in the current article
4. Title Page

Author Declaration
I confirm that I am authorized by my co-authors to submit this work. This article is original and has not been published in any other peer-reviewed journal. It is also not under consideration by any other journal and does not infringe any existing copyright or any other third-party rights. I, along with all co-authors, agree that if editorially accepted for publication, the article shall be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). The copyright and intellectual property rights of the author(s) or, if any, the employer/institution of the author(s) are reserved. The author(s) assure(s) that the publisher is not responsible for any claim or action by a third party that the use or possession of any content submitted by the author(s) infringes the intellectual property of such third party, and the author(s) shall bear the full responsibility. The author(s) also confirm(s) that there is no criminal element or illegal expressions in the article, and that no unlawful materials or methods were used during the research.

Guide for Authors
Responsibility and Tasks of Author(s)

Authorship and Author Contributions
● Authorship should be limited to those individuals who have made a significant contribution to the research study's concept, design, execution, or interpretation.
● All individuals who have made such significant contributions should be included as co-authors. However, individuals who have only participated in specific aspects of the study should be acknowledged but not identified as co-authors.
● The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.
● Authors should consider the list and order of authors carefully before submitting their manuscript, and they must provide a definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission.
● Any addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and must be approved by the journal editor.
● To request such a change, the corresponding author must provide the editor with
a) the reason for the change in author list and
b) written confirmation (e-mail) from all authors agreeing to the addition, removal, or rearrangement.
● The editor may only consider the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted in exceptional circumstances. In such cases, all authors must agree with any addition, removal, or rearrangement.
● Finally, it is important to note that all authors must take collective responsibility for the work.

Changes to Authorship
Please ensure that any changes to the authorship, including adding, deleting, or rearranging author names in the authorship list, are made before the manuscript is accepted. Any such changes should be approved by the journal editor. To request such a change, the corresponding author must provide the following to the editor:
a) the reason for the change in author list, and
b) written confirmation (via email) from all authors stating that they agree with the addition, removal, or rearrangement.
Please note that adding, deleting, or rearranging authors after the manuscript has been accepted will only be considered in exceptional circumstances.

Standards for Reporting
Authors of original research are expected to provide an accurate account of the work conducted and an objective discussion of its significance. The paper should contain enough detail and references to enable others to replicate the work. Any fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are considered unethical and unacceptable.

Originality
The author(s) must ensure that they have created entirely original works that have not previously been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere in another language.

Acknowledgment of Sources
The author(s) must create entirely original works. If they have used the work and/or words of others, they should appropriately cite or quote them and obtain permission where necessary. Information obtained privately, such as through conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source.

Data Access and Retention
The author(s) may be required to provide the research data of their study together with the manuscript for editorial review and/or to comply with the open data requirements of the journal. The author(s) should be willing to make the data publicly available if possible and maintain research data for a reasonable number of years after publication.

Multiple or Concurrent Publication
An author is advised not to publish manuscripts that describe the same research in more than one primary journal publication. Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously is considered unethical and unacceptable. Furthermore, an author must not submit a paper for consideration in another journal if it has been previously published, except as an abstract.

Research Involving Surveys and Interviews
If a research work requires ethical approval, the author must state that the relevant ethics committee provided approval. The approval must be documented and stated in the article. Additionally, the name of the ethics committee that approved the study protocol, the reference number, and the date must be specified in the methods section of the article and on the first or last page of the article. Moreover, the author should include a statement in the manuscript stating that informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest refers to any financial or other interest that could significantly impair the individual's objectivity in performing their duties or create an unfair competitive advantage for any person or organization. All sources of financial support for conducting the research and/or preparing the article should be disclosed, along with the role of the sponsor(s). If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, then this should be stated. Potential conflicts of interest, such as employment, consultancies, and grants, should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.

Notification of Fundamental Errors
If an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, they have a responsibility to inform the journal immediately. The author should work with the editor to correct or retract the paper if necessary. If the editor or publisher becomes aware of an error from a third party, the author must cooperate with the editor, providing any requested evidence.

Image Integrity
It is unacceptable to remove, delete, conceal, add, selectively enhance, or reposition elements within an image. Authors must adhere to the journal's policy regarding graphic images.

Publication Ethics
Publication ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism insisting on integrity on the part of authors, peer reviewers, and publishers to establish higher standards for editorial processing for the scholarly journals. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high quality of scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and that people receive credit for their ideas.
● Ethical researchers do not plagiarize.
● They do not misreport sources.
● They do not conceal objections that they cannot rebut.
● They do not distort opposing views.
● They do not destroy or conceal data.
Peer-reviewed studies support, and are themselves examples, of the scientific method. It is important to follow standards of expected ethical behavior by all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, the publisher and journals. The Journal of Turkish Diaspora Studies adheres to national and international standards of research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works, and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics for Higher Education Institutions. It follows the International Ethical Principles for Scholarly Publication set by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). It also undertakes to comply with the decisions of Türkiye Editors’ Workshop.
● Press Law (national legislation)
● Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (national legislation)
● Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics for Higher Education Institutions (national legislation)
● Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (international standards)
● Decisions of Türkiye Editors’ Workshop (national standards)

Duplication
Duplicate publication is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. Further, the editor may return the article unreviewed. The editor may consider no articles by any of the authors for a period of time, may announce publicly in the journal (perhaps a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the earlier article) that the authors have submitted a previously published article, or may do any combination of these actions, at the editor’s discretion.

Simultaneous Submission of Manuscripts
Authors are not allowed to submit the same manuscript to multiple journals at the same time. If an editor becomes aware of possible simultaneous submission, they reserve the right to consult with other editors who have received the article. The editor may return the article without review or reject it without considering the reviews. The editor may also discuss the matter with other editors and may decide not to consider any articles from the author for a certain period. Additionally, the editor may contact the author's employer or take any combination of these actions at their discretion.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of presenting someone else's work, thoughts, methods, data, practices, or images as your own without giving the appropriate scientific credit. All manuscripts submitted for publication undergo a plagiarism check using plagiarism detection software. Submissions to Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies must have a similarity level of less than 20%. Even if the similarity level is only 1%, the author may still be considered to have plagiarized if they have copied any statements verbatim from other sources without appropriate citation and quotation. Therefore, authors should be aware of citation and quotation guidelines (APA 7) and follow them carefully. Unethical behavior includes plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denial of co-authorship, manipulation of research data, salami publication, copyright infringement, and undisclosed significant conflicts of interest. Manuscripts that do not comply with publication ethics may be withdrawn from submission and/or publication.

Data Fabrication/Data Falsification
Data fabrication refers to creating false research results and data and presenting them as genuine. Data falsification, on the other hand, refers to manipulating research data to create a false impression. Falsification involves the manipulation or alteration of data, research materials, processes, equipment, and results to conform to the desired outcome.

Protection of Participants’ Personal Data
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies requires researchers to obtain formal ethical approval from a recognized review committee if their research involves personal or sensitive data of human participants, or materials that are not legally available to the public.

Allegations of Research Misconduct
To prevent research misconduct, such as plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication, the journal follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) "Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office". The journal does not encourage or knowingly allow misconduct to take place. If the editors become aware of any allegation of research misconduct in a published article, they will follow COPE's guidelines to address the issue.

Notification of Ethical Violations
If you suspect potential misconduct or inaccuracies in an article published in Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies, you can contact the editorial office (info@tjds.org.tr). The journal welcomes feedback and inquiries that will allow for improvement.

Corrigendum, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Journal editors have certain options if they come across any issues with a previously published paper. If a small portion of the publication is misleading due to an honest error, the editor may issue a corrigendum. However, if there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to misconduct or error, the editor may retract the publication. In cases where there is inconclusive evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors, or if the investigation into alleged misconduct is not fair, impartial, or conclusive, the editor may issue an expression of concern. The editor must follow the guidelines provided by COPE for corrigendum, retraction, and expression of concern.

Research Involving Surveys and Interviews
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies is committed to maintaining high ethical standards in publishing quality scientific research. To ensure this, we adhere to the "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" set forth by COPE. When submitting a manuscript, please ensure that it conforms to the following policies:
1. If your research required ethical approval, please provide documentation of the approval in your article. The relevant ethics committee that provided approval must be stated and named.
2. In the methods section of the article, please specify the name of the ethics committee that approved the study protocol, along with the reference number and date. This information should also be included on the first or last page of the article. Additionally, please mention in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Special Issue Policies
The editorial board may publish one special issue per year, upon request. However, all manuscripts submitted for a special issue are subject to preliminary editorial review. Moreover, all papers submitted should conform to the editorial and publication policies of the journal. To ensure that the papers are original, they will be checked for plagiarism through a plagiarism check software. Lastly, each manuscript submitted must be double-blind peer reviewed.

Editorial Confidentiality
The editors of the journal are required to protect the confidentiality of all material submitted to the journal. This means that any manuscripts received for review are treated as confidential documents. During the article review process, only editors, reviewers, and editorial board members may access the manuscript. In exceptional circumstances, the editor may share limited information with third parties where it is necessary to investigate suspected ethical breaches.

Allegations or Suspicion of Scientific Misconduct
Different authorities have their own definitions of scientific misconduct. Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies deals with these issues on a case-by-case basis while following the guidelines provided by the main regulatory bodies. The editors of the journal have a responsibility to investigate potential scientific misconduct in manuscripts submitted to or published in the journal. They should not simply reject papers that raise concerns about possible misconduct; instead, they are ethically obligated to pursue any alleged cases. The editors should follow COPE flowcharts when applicable. They should first seek a response from those accused. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employers or some appropriate body to investigate. The editors should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation is conducted. If this does not happen, the editors should make every attempt to persist in obtaining a resolution to the problem. This is an important but challenging duty.
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies has a strict policy for handling allegations of scientific misconduct. The policy is based on the guidelines provided by COPE's "Ethics Toolkit for a Successful Editorial Office". The editors take necessary measures to prevent the publication of papers involving research misconduct, which includes plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification/fabrication, and other related issues. The journal and its editors do not encourage or knowingly allow such misconduct to take place. If any allegations of scientific misconduct come to the editor's notice regarding a published article in the journal, they follow the guidelines set out by COPE to deal with such allegations. Additionally, all reviewers have a responsibility to report any suspected issues with the manuscript to the editor, who will handle the matter according to the guidelines provided by COPE. Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies undertakes to follow COPE flowcharts in the following cases:
● Duplicate submission
● Plagiarism
● Falsification of data
● Changes of authorship
● Undisclosed conflicts of interest
● Improprieties of authorship
● Violation of generally accepted research practices

Complaints Procedure
This procedure is applicable to complaints regarding content, procedures, or policies that come under the purview of Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies or its editorial staff. We consider complaints as an opportunity to improve our services and aim to provide a prompt, courteous, and constructive response. Please email your complaints directly to info@tjds.org.tr, and be assured that they will be handled with confidentiality. The editor-in-chief promptly responds to complaints and follows COPE's guidelines for dealing with them. The relevant member of the editorial team handles the complaints, and if the issue cannot be resolved, the following steps may be taken:
● If the initial response is deemed insufficient, the complainant can request that their complaint be escalated to a senior member of the team.
● If the complainant remains unhappy, the complaint may be escalated to an executive editor, and ultimately the editor-in-chief whose decision will be final.
● We aim to provide a full response within two weeks, if possible. COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. It will facilitate the resolution of disputes with editors, journals, and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.

Appeal Process
If you feel that your article has been unfairly rejected due to a misunderstanding of its scientific content, you may submit a letter of appeal (rebuttal) to our editorial team at info@tjds.org.tr. However, please note that you should not submit a revised version of your article at this stage. Once we have received your rebuttal letter, we will review it and decide whether your appeal is warranted. If we agree that your appeal is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your article, which will be entered into our peer review process once again. It is important that you provide as much detail as possible in your rebuttal letter and respond point-by-point to any comments from external peer review and/or the full editorial committee. Please note that we can only consider one appeal per manuscript, so please ensure that your rebuttal letter is written clearly and persuasively. We have found that prolonged negotiation over rejected papers can be unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, so we no longer engage in this.

Conflicts of Interest
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies believes that it is necessary to identify any conflicts of interest that authors may have when submitting articles. Conflicting interests arise when professional judgment regarding a primary interest may be influenced by personal rivalry or financial gain. To make the best decision on how to deal with an article, the journal should be aware of any competing interests that authors may have, and if the article is published, readers should also be informed of them. A conflict of interest is defined as any financial or other interest that could significantly impair an individual's objectivity in carrying out their responsibilities or could create an unfair competitive advantage for any person or organization. All sources of financial support for the research and/or preparation of the article should be disclosed, as well as the role of the sponsor(s). Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include employment, consultancy, and grants. It is recommended that potential conflicts of interest be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies has a process for handling submissions from editors, employees, or members of the editorial board to ensure unbiased review. Such submissions are primarily directed to other journals. If this is not possible, the submitter's position in the journal will be suspended. These submissions are reviewed through a double-blind process. The editor must not be involved in the decision-making process of papers that they have written themselves or have been written by family members. Any such submission must be subject to all the journal's procedures. The editor shall apply ICMJE guidelines relating to the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Research and Publication Ethics
Every author must ensure that their research complies with ethical standards. Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies adheres to the highest standards of integrity and follows international guidelines on research and publication ethics, which are as follows:
● Research must meet recognized standards of integrity, and quality and transparency must be assured through proper design, review, and implementation.
● Participants and research staff must be fully informed about the purpose, methods, potential uses, risks, and benefits of the research. The confidentiality and anonymity of participants must be respected, and their dignity and autonomy must be protected.
● Participation in research must be voluntary, free from coercion or undue influence.
● Researchers should aim to maximize the benefits of the research and minimize any potential harm or risks, which should be mitigated by appropriate precautions.
● Research must be independent, and any conflicts of interest or bias must be disclosed.
● Informed consent must be obtained from participants, preferably in writing, and must be ongoing and freely given. For individuals who lack decision-making capacity, authorized third parties should provide consent on their behalf.
● Researchers must obtain permission from institutions or organizations where research will be carried out.
● All research that requires ethical approval should specify the name of the ethics committee that approved the study protocol, reference number, date, and informed consent in the methods section of the article.

TJDS does not charge fees for submitting, evaluating, and publishing articles. Authors do not need to pay an article processing fee for the studies they submit to the journal.